Europe’s forests are a cornerstone of our ecological, economic, and cultural landscapes. They play a critical role in mitigating climate change, preserving biodiversity, and providing renewable raw materials. Yet they face profound challenges. Climate change is intensifying risks such as storms, droughts, pests, and wildfires. At the same time, one of the less visible but highly influential barriers to sustainable forest management is structural: the extreme fragmentation of forest ownership.
Across many European regions, forests are divided into very small parcels, often held by private individuals or families. In some countries, the exact number of forest owners is not even known, and in many cases, it is impossible to locate or contact the owners of individual plots. This reality undermines efforts to implement coordinated management strategies. Many owners lack the knowledge, resources, or motivation to actively manage their forests. The result is large areas of under-managed or neglected forests, which are more vulnerable to damage and less able to deliver on their potential as carbon sinks, suppliers of sustainable timber, and resilient ecosystems.
Fragmentation also complicates landscape-level planning. Where dozens of small owners make uncoordinated or no decisions at all, it becomes nearly impossible to introduce coherent strategies for climate adaptation, pest control, or reforestation with climate-resilient tree species.